Kingdom fungi
General features of kingdom fungi
Ø They are found in
damp or wet places
Ø They are eukaryotic with the cell wall made up of chitin
Ø They are heterotrophs. Some are saprophytic and others are parasitic
Ø They store food as
glycogen
Ø They reproduce using spores
Phylum basidiomycota
This phylum comprises fungi such mushroom, toadstools,
puffballs, bracket fungi, rust fungi and smut fungi.
Case study of mushroom
Characteristics of mushrooms
Ø They grow on dead and decaying matter
Ø The pileus is the cap of the mushroom containing gills
Ø The gills produce
basidiospores at their
tips
Ø The stalk (stem-like) of the mushroom is called stipe. It ensures
that the pileus is well positioned
above the soil for dispersal of spores
Ø The hyphae anchor the mushroom and absorb nutrients from the decomposing matter
Adaptations of mushroom
Ø They produce enzymes on the surface of their mycelium which help them to
break complex food particles
Ø Possess pileus(cap) containing special hyphae called gills
Ø The gills produce
basidiospores at their tips.
Ø Has stipe (stem-like part) which ensures that pileus is positioned above the soil for the dispersal of spores
Ø Possess hyphae that anchors mushroom on the substrate and absorb nutrients
Economic importance of basidiomycota (mushroom)
Ø They are source
of food to man and other
species.
Ø They can prevent the accumulation of dead matters by decomposing them.
Ø Some of them are poisonous e.g. amanita species
Ø They are used in genetic
engineering and research
Observable features
of basidiomycota (mushroom).
a. They have gills.
b. They have a ring.
c. Have cap (pilleus).
d. Have stalk
Habitat of basidiomycota (mushroom).
v
They are living on land (terrestrial) on dead and decaying organic
matter.
Mode of reproduction of basidiomycota (mushroom)
v
They reproduce both asexually and sexually by spores formation.
Common name is
Mushroom.
Scientific name of mushroom
is Agaricus compestris.
Classification of mushroom
to class level
|
Organism |
Kingdom |
Phylum |
Class |
|
Mushroom |
Fungi |
Basidiomycota |
Agaricomycete |
Phylum Ascomycota
This phylum has fungi which include Yeasts (saccharomyces), cup fungi, powdery mildew, penicillium
and Ringworm fungi.
General characteristics of
phylum Ascomycota (yeast)
Ø They are unicellular.
Ø Yeast can be found in plant leaves and flower, in salt water, in oil or warm blooded
animals such as human beings.
Ø Many types of yeast
can ferment sugar to produce
alcohol.
Ø Some yeast is used in the production of beer, wine and
bread.
Ø Other types of yeast cause disease.
Ø They reproduce asexually by budding.
Budding is where by a new organism develops as an outgrowth of the parents cell.
The structure of yeast
Economic importance of
Ascomycota (yeast) Ascomycetes (yeast) are used in baking industries They are used in industrial production of wine
Mode of reproduction of Ascomycete (yeast)
v
They reproduce both asexually
and sexually by spores
formation.
Common name is Yeast
Scientific name of mushroom
isSaccharomycetes cerevisiase.
Classification of mushroom
to class level
|
Organism |
Kingdom |
Phylum |
Class |
|
Yeast |
Fungi |
Ascomycota |
saccharomycetes |
Phylum zygomycota
Ø Members of this phylum are called Zygomycetes
Ø Examples of zygomycetes are Mould/Rhizopus and Mucor.
Ø These organisms are given this name because
they produce
zygosporangia during sexual
reproduction.
Ø Zygosporangia are thick walled structures that contain spores and are highly resistance to unsuitable
environmental condition.
General characteristics of Phylum Zygomycota
Ø They are multicellular
Ø They have hyphae without cross walls
Ø They are saprophytic growing on decaying organic materials such as on bread, ripe fruits and vegetables.
Ø They reproduce sexually
through zygospores or asexually through
sporangiophore
Ø They have rhizoids
for anchorage
Ø They grow as a mass of white tiny threads on decaying bread, cassava, pawpaw and tomato
Distinctive features used to
place bread mould or Mucor to Phylum
Zygomycota
Ø They reproduce sexually
through zygospores or asexually through
sporangiophore.
Ø They grow as a mass of white tiny threads and feed on decaying materials.
Ø They have hyphae without cross walls (septate).
Ø They are saprophytic, growing on decaying
organic materials.
The structure of the bread mould
Adaptations of Bread Mould to its mode of
life
Ø It has rhizoids
for anchorage and nutrients absorption.
Ø It has sporangium to store spores.
Ø It produces light spores for easy dispersal by wind.
Ø It has spores which are used for asexual reproduction.
Ø It has stolon for allowing
it to spread rapidly on the
substrate
Ø It has sporangiophore to hold the sporangium in position for easy dispersal.
Economic importance of Bread Mould
Ø Used in biological studies as specimens.
Ø Used to increase
soil fertility by decomposing dead organic matters.
Ø It causes spoilage
of foods.
Mode of reproduction of Zygomycetes (bread mould)
v
They reproduce both asexually
and sexually by spores
formation.
Common name is Bread mould
Classification of mushroom
to class level
|
Organism |
Kingdom |
Phylum |
Class |
|
Bread mould |
Fungi |
Zygomycota |
|
