STATIC ELECTRICITY
Ø This
is the accumulation of excess electric charge in a region which does not
conduct electricity such that the change accumulation continues.
OR
Ø This
is the type of electricity due to charges in electrons which do not move.
OR
Ø This
is the type of electricity due to stationary charges.
v
A plastic pen rubbed on the hair attracts small
pieces of paper and glass rod rubbed with silk behaves in a similar way.
v
An ebonite rod rubbed with fur has power to
attract aluminium foil.
v
These bodies, the plastic pen, the glass rod and
ebonite rod are said to be electrically charged and therefore exert
electrostatic force on piece of paper and aluminium respectively.
ELECTROSTATICS
Ø This
is the study of stationary electric charge.
v
When you rub the plastic comb on your hair, some
charges are transferred into it. It becomes electrically charged with static
electricity. The plastic comb is then able to pick up piece of paper. These
pieces of paper are said to have been attracted by the charged comb. The paper
then drop with time. The pen behaves in a similar manner. This shows that a
plastic pen or comb rubbed with hair acquires a charge that is able to attract
other substances, such as pieces of paper. After a few second the pieces of
paper fell off because they acquired similar charges as the comb or pen.
TYPES OF CHARGES
There are two
types of charges. These are:
1) Positive
charge (+)
2) Negative
charge (
1) POSITIVE CHARGE
Ø This
is the type of charge with deficiency number of electrons.
2) NEGATIVE CHARGE
Ø This
is the type of charge with excessive number of electrons.
v
These charges originate from the atom.
v
The unit used to measure electrical charge is
the coulomb (C).
e = 1.6 X
A coulomb (C) is a much large quality of charge than is
normally produced by rubbing
Hence, it is more convenient to use micro- coulombs in
measuring of charge.
1
FUNDAMENTAL LAW OF STATIC ELECTRICITY
The law
states that:
“Like charges repel while unlike charges
attract’’
v
The fundamental law of static electricity
sometimes is known as first coulombs’
law or first law of electrostatic.
METHODS OF CHARGING A BODY
CHARGING OF THE
BODY (ELECTRIFICATION)
Ø This
is the process of either adding or removing charged electrons from a body.
Since a body consists of an equal number of electrons and
protons it is said to be electrical neutral. Such a body can become electrically
charged.
There are three basic ways of charging a body to either
to obtain a negative charge or a positive charge.
These methods/ways used in charging a body includes:-
1.
Friction/Rubbing
2.
Contact
3 . Induction
Full Notes
