FORCES IN EQUILIBRIUM
EQUILIBRIUM
➢ This is the state of balance of a body.
Examples of object which are in a state of balance include;
o A book lying on a desk.
o A passage walking at the back of a train (coach) while train in moving
o An acrobat balancing in a tight rope.
MOMENT OF FORCE (M)
➢ This is the product of force and the perpendicular distance of its line of action from the point.
OR
➢ This is the product of force and the perpendicular distance.
o Sometime moment of force is known as turning effect of force.
Moment of Force = force (F) x distance (s)
Moment of force (M) = F x S
o SI – Unit of moment of force is NM.
Moment (turning effect) of force depends on:-
a) The size of the force
b) The perpendicular distance from the pivot
APPLICATION OF MOMENT OF FORCE (TURNING EFFECT)
❖ Movement of force has both magnitude and direction.
• Example of turning effect of force in daily life are:
➢ Turning effect is applied by a hand to unscrew a stopper on the bottle.
➢ The turning effect is applied by a spanner to unscrew a unit on bolt.
➢ Force on the bicycle pedal produces a turning effect and keep the wheels moving.
NOTE:
❖ When a force is applied on an object, there are two possible types of motions. These are:
1) Translational motion
2) Rotational motion
1) TRANSLATIONAL MOTION
❖ In translational motion, the body moves along a line or curve so that there is net displacement of its
centre of mass.
NOTE:
Centre of mass of an object
➢ This is the point at which the system of particles forming up the object appears to be concentrated.
FULL NOTES
