THE ANGLO GERMAN AGREEMENT OF 1886
It was also referred to as the delimitation treaty of 1886. The participants in this agreement were the British, the Germans and the sultan of Zanzibar “Seyyid Bargash”.
The reasons for this meeting included;
Protection of British interest in East Africa.
Recognition of Karl Peter’s treaties signed in East Africa.
Sultan of Zanzibar’s intention of protecting his areas of influence.
The results of the Delimitation treaty of 1886 were as follows:
German sphere of influence would be Tanganyika and Dar-es-salaam which was within the ten miles coastal strip which belonged to the Sultan of Zanzibar.
Sultan’s sphere of influence would be southern coastal strip of Somalia, coastal strip of Kenya and the 10 miles coastal strip of Tanganyika.
British sphere of influence would be the mainland Kenya.
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| Boundaries of East Africa by 1886 |
THE ANGLO – GERMAN AGREEMENT OF 1890
This agreement was also regarded as the Heligoland agreement (treaty) of 1890. This meeting involved the British under the IBEACO (Imperial British East Africa Company) and the Germans under GEACO (German East Africa Company). This time Sultan of Zanzibar was ignored.
The following were the reasons for the Anglo – German agreement of 1890.
Affixation of boundaries in the West of Tanganyika and in the West of Kenya.
The scramble for Uganda between the Germans and the British. Karl Peters was influenced by the White Fathers to colonize Uganda.
The religious conflicts in Uganda between the “CMS” Church Missionary Society and the Catholic White Fathers.
The Moslems and the Christians and the traditionalists under Kabaka Mwanga against the foreign religions.
Figure 13; Kabaka Mwanga
The terms (results) of the Heligoland treaty were as follows;
The British sphere of influence to be Kenya, Uganda and Witu area which was once a German area. The British exchanged Witu area with her Heligoland Island in the North Sea.
German sphere of influence to be Tanganyika including the ten miles coastal strip of Tanganyika and the Heligoland Island of North Sea from Britain in exchange with Witu area of Kenya. Germany paid compensations to the to the Sultan of Zanzibar for the lost territory.
The British and the Germans drew the territorial boundary between Tanganyika and Uganda.
Germany recognized the British areas and Britain recognized the German spheres.
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| East Africa |
THE ANGLO – FRENCH AGREEMENT OF 1890
It involved the agreement between the British and the French over Madagascar, River Volta and River Niger.
The reasons behind the meeting included
Scramble for Madagascar between Britain and France in the Indian Ocean.
The scramble for Zanzibar between Britain and France in East Africa.
The following were the terms (results)
French agreed to British claims over Zanzibar.
British agreed to French claims over Madagascar.
THE ANGLO – PORTUGUESE AGREEMENT 1891
It involved the agreement between the British and the Portuguese over Angola, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Zambia and Mozambique reasons.
The political boundaries between the Portuguese spheres of Angola, Mozambique and the British territories of Zimbabwe, Zambia and Malawi.
Terms (Result)
The Portuguese accepted British demands over Zimbabwe, Malawi and Zambia. The British agreed to the Portuguese demands over Angola and Mozambique.
THE ANGLO – ITALO AGREEMENT OF 1891
The treaty involved the agreements between the British and Italians over the Nile valley, Northern Ethiopia and Somalia.
Reasons
The political boundaries between British spheres of the Nile valley and Italians spheres of Northern Ethiopia.
Results;
Britain accepted the Italy’ demands and the Italy accepted the British demands.
